Who is credited with establishing the first crime laboratory?

Edmond Locard is credited with establishing the first crime laboratory due to his pioneering work in forensic science, particularly his development of the principles of forensic investigation. Locard formulated what is now known as Locard's Exchange Principle, which posits that when someone commits a crime, they will both take something from the crime scene and leave something behind. This concept laid the groundwork for the scientific analysis of physical evidence in criminal investigations.

Locard opened the first police crime laboratory in Lyon, France, in 1910, where he applied his theories to practical forensic science. His contributions greatly advanced the field and influenced the way forensic evidence is gathered and analyzed today. Establishing a formal laboratory allowed for the systematic collection and examination of evidence, which has become an essential part of modern criminal investigations.

Other figures mentioned, such as Alphonse Bertillon and Hans Gross, also made significant contributions to criminal justice and forensic science, but it was Locard's establishment of the first crime laboratory that marked a crucial development in the field. Bertillon is known for his development of anthropometry for identifying criminals, while Gross is recognized for his work on criminalistics and the practical application of forensic science.