Which of the following describes a civil case?

In the context of law, a civil case is defined as a legal dispute between private parties, which can include individuals, businesses, or organizations. The primary goal of a civil case is to resolve non-criminal disputes and often involves issues such as contracts, property, family matters, or personal injury.

In civil cases, relief sought typically comes in the form of monetary damages or the provision of equitable remedies (like injunctions), rather than criminal penalties. Therefore, the characterization of a case involving private disputes between individuals aligns perfectly with the fundamental definition of a civil case.

The other options focus on aspects of criminal law or government involvement, which are not applicable to civil cases. Criminal cases, for instance, typically involve the government prosecuting individuals or entities for violating laws, leading to potential incarceration or criminal penalties. Consequently, the focus on private disputes makes the chosen answer the most accurate representation of a civil case.