Which concept relates to the idea that powers not granted to the federal government nor prohibited to the states are reserved to the states?

The concept that powers not granted to the federal government nor prohibited to the states are reserved to the states is encapsulated in the 10th Amendment. This amendment is part of the Bill of Rights and emphasizes the principle of federalism, which underlines the division of responsibilities and powers between the national and state governments. By stating that powers not explicitly given to the federal government or explicitly denied to the states are reserved for the states or the people, the 10th Amendment reinforces the autonomy of state governments and protects their rights to govern on local matters.

Other amendments mentioned, such as the 9th Amendment, concern the enumeration of rights and the idea that certain rights exist beyond those explicitly listed in the Constitution. The 8th Amendment deals with prohibitions against excessive bail and cruel and unusual punishments, and the 7th Amendment pertains to the right to trial by jury in civil cases. Each of these amendments addresses different aspects of individual rights and government powers, but it is the 10th Amendment that specifically addresses the distribution and reservation of powers between state and federal authorities.