Which case pertains to officer's rights in vehicle searches?

Carroll v. United States is significant because it established the principle that police officers can conduct warrantless searches of vehicles if they have probable cause to believe that the vehicle contains evidence of a crime. This case arose in the context of the need for law enforcement to act swiftly in situations where evidence might be lost or destroyed if officers were required to obtain a search warrant beforehand.

In Carroll, the Supreme Court recognized the inherent mobility of vehicles and the diminished expectation of privacy in vehicles compared to homes. This ruling provides law enforcement with greater leeway to stop vehicles and conduct searches when they have sufficient reason to believe that illegal activity is occurring, reinforcing the idea that the exigencies of the situation sometimes necessitate immediate action without a warrant. This decision set a precedent for how vehicle searches are treated concerning officers' rights and the Fourth Amendment.

The other cases listed address different aspects of law enforcement and constitutional rights but do not specifically focus on the officer's rights related to vehicle searches.