What is the primary law concept established by Terry v. Ohio?

The primary law concept established by Terry v. Ohio is "Stop and Frisk." This landmark Supreme Court decision, issued in 1968, allowed police officers to detain a person temporarily and conduct a frisk for weapons if they have a reasonable suspicion that the person is involved in criminal activity and may be armed. This is a crucial development in the balance between individual rights and law enforcement's ability to protect themselves and the public.

The ruling clarified that while probable cause is required for an arrest, the standard for a stop is lower, focusing on reasonable suspicion based on specific and articulable facts. This allows officers to take preventative measures in potentially dangerous situations, contributing to overall public safety without requiring the higher standard needed for a full search or arrest.