What are courts called that can review decisions of lower courts?

The correct answer is appellate courts, which are specifically designed to review decisions made by lower courts, typically trial courts. Appellate courts do not conduct trials or hear evidence; instead, they focus on the application of law and whether legal procedures were followed correctly in the original trial. Their primary role is to ensure the law was applied fairly and to address any legal errors that may have affected the outcome of the case. This function is vital in the judicial system, as it maintains checks and balances by allowing higher courts to correct potential mistakes made in prior proceedings.

Trial courts, on the other hand, are where cases are initially filed and heard. Family courts deal specifically with family-related legal matters, and circuit courts can refer to different jurisdictions depending on the state, but they primarily act as trial courts rather than review courts. Appellate courts provide a necessary layer of scrutiny and help ensure that justice is served consistently.